Associated Experts:
Sebastien Mayrgündter – Alpine Safety of IDM Südtirol
Alberto Ayora – Spanish army
Íñigo Soteras – Puigcerdà Hospital
Christian Illing – German Red Cross
Ana Karin Coll Erikson – Firefighters of Madrid Comunity
Asencio Renaud – Nimes Hospital
Oscar Lopez – Firefighters of Andorra
Strapazzon Pascal – Departmental Technical Advisor Mountain Group, Fire-Fighter
Martin Nekula – Fire Rescue Brigade of Moravian Silesian Region
Agavi Christina Kousouraki – Helenic Air Force 384 Search and rescue (SAR) Squadron
Iñigo Ayllon – Navarro AD MONTEM
Elías Bayarri García – Firefighters of Cantabria
Moderators
Carles Garcia – CFS
Sebastien Lahaye – SAFE
Anna Fontcuberta – CFS
Mathilde Julie Meyer – ENSOSP
Joaquim Boigues Firth – CFS
Giorgio Basile – CNVVF
Andrea Bonetto – CNVVF
Marta Miralles – CFS
Observers / Others
Siscu Carola – CFS
Guillem Amorós – CFS
Sylvie Jouve – ENSOSP
Mariona Borràs – PCF
Òscar Santos – Firefighters of Andorra
Rafel Prades – PC
“AIR CRASH” Scenario.
Performing a big search & rescue operation in natural environment
In the event of a huge emergency situation with multiple victims (such a plane crash in the mountains) in a remote/difficult accessible place and near the border of two countries logistic becomes a key factor for the emergency management. This scenario offers a wider range of logistic opportunities counting on two countries to be the suppliers, while in the other hand makes the language and the fact of having different communication system/network issues become a problem.
Improvement opportunity / Capability Challenge:
Operational Task: Crisis Mitigation on site and S.A.R.
Preparatory task “Training and exercise”
- Local resources can’t be specialized in this kind of incident. But they must have the capacity to integrate themselves under a complex structure.
- Because of the number of accidents are little it will be difficult to have enough experts in this kind of resource
- Perform drills and exercises:
Simulations must be carried out to train the flow of information between the airport and the responders.
Difficult to train in this kind of incidents it’s very expensive.
Different steps of the crisis to train separately
- Localization of the place of incident
Give information to the press
Bring the medical system to the place of the accident PMA
Of persons and flight
Of equipment
- A very quick response is needed to minimize the number of victims:
You need to quickly making a “big picture” of the scenario
To reserve the airspace
To have a weather forecasts
- Cooperation between different agencies
Liaison officer
Training together to coordinate the act zones
Cooperation with different agencies (military) sharing exercises
The medical team has to be the included in the training. They are a necessary crew
of these teams.
Pre-hospital procedures have to be knows to the all agencies
Training incident with members of the victims to understand the long of the cycle
of the evacuation. Most causality in a mountain
- 3 levels for the natural of accidents
Simple first command
Complex officer + chain
Director of firefighters
Training of command & control organizations (multi-level, cross-agency and/or Cross-border)
- Training of specialised rescuers who have to be skilled in :
Triage system
Locating systems (quick location of the Aircraft is very important)
Speaking the same language with a unified terminology
Understanding which info is (or not) important
- Finding proper training scenarios or drills:
Using tools (Apps, reality games, …)
« Table » drills to help understanding and training the info and orders flow; to train
decision making, …)
That can help preplanning programs
- Bring medical systems into the drills:
Share medical information in preplanning different scenarios
Share medical knowledge about the hospital needs and limitations
Training pre hospital delivering
Specific medical training is required for very long and very slow evacuations
- Interagency training and inventory (not everyone is prepared to rescue others at 2200 m high)
Supporting task “Coordination Command & Control (Supporting) + Prepare Civil-Military cooperation (preparatory)”
- Interoperability among all stakeholders
Coordination of cross border team rescue.
Translator for best communication (Common Vocabulary
- Location:
The plane. It is so difficult.
The dead with this kind of situations.
Safety operations for team rescue
Timing ( fast answers )
Medical assistance
Rescuer
Info from medical team to alert the pertinent hospital
Military medical coordination
To use Triage System.
Different level of Command Control
- Preparing and positioning:
Bring the equipment in advance in an available point of support (example a “Chalet”)
Bring the medical system to the place of the accident PMA
(Civil/Penal investigation – black-box)
Legal regulation to transport body victims across different countries ( military would be best choice – major equipment )
• Media relation / Media plan ( understanding )
• Company call centre for victims family
• To made the Pre-plan for different scenarios and different agencies (police, hospital,
rescue team, fire service, civil protection…).
Airplane company procedure
Prepare procedure accepted before
• Interoperability
• Aero space supervisor (example by drones)
• Leadership and Cooperation Multi-Agency of different agencies in different countries
• Coordination procedures each country
• Area Assessment
• Program landing and take-off zone
Supporting task– “Logistics”
-
- Identify 3 scales of logistic needs:
Local on the emergency´s site (advanced camp/shelter for rescuers, victims and for medical dispatching).
Regional (hospital network availability, accommodation for victim´s families and management of the media).
National/international (solve bureaucratic issues such insurances, costs)
- Long–lasting emergency management needs accurate weather forecast for preparing the logistics.
- The commandment roles, figures and chain should be agreed in advance, standardized and clear.
- Different languages spoken and not compatible communication systems for the agencies impede fluent exchange of information between agents and communication rescuers-victims.
- Extra emergency-trained personnel and material needed, may need to rely on the army or civil agencies such as Red Cross
Constraints / Best practices
– Use real environment for the exercises (on site) with associated partners (official teams, volunteers
agencies)
– Procedures should ensure the maximum safety for fire-fighter and rescue team response.
Supporting task– “Logistics”
• Need of pre-prepared logistics in order to build a camp on the scenery for working
agents, victims and medical dispatching in the fastest possible way.
• Crucial transportation needs (by helicopter) of heavy equipment and personnel to the
site and victim evacuation.
• Use of helicopters is conditioned to weather conditions, daylight and amount of weight
to be transported. Commanders may want to get help from the army on that issue. Have
a flight coordinator out of flying supervising the helicopter’s work.
• Commander must have a B plan if flying on the area is not possible
• Need for a translator (translating technological tools discarded) to ease communication
between agencies, working teams and victims, or must have multi-lingual acting
personnel.
• Need of the availability of psychological support on site for rescuers and victims and for
the families wherever needed it.
• Have pre-prepared logistic packs ready to be picked up and used for this kind of
emergency situation spread over the territory in strategical locations.
• Contention of the media and outside observers out of the emergency area
• Need for standardized chain of commandment(protocols) for the event of an emergency
requiring the intervention of more than one country
Training & exercises
Training of Command & control organizations (multi-level, cross-agency and/or cross-border)
Best practices:
• Red cell to train flexibility
• Every agency has to stay focus in its own expertise
• Creating not only national Learning schools in disaster management , but European
SCHOOL
• Virtual training / simulation training / self-training (computer aided training)
• Supervising the exercises (overview) (trained evaluators)
Added during the presentation :
• To design exercises with evolved transfer of command scenario: bottom-up and top-down
• Multiple European Schools dedicated to disaster management (University) with :
• Different countries / skills / agencies stakeholders / Creation of a network of experts
that know each other
Constrains:
Time & money for exercises / Dealing with different nationalities & culture/ national
sovereignty / Standardization & harmonization
The opportunity from different perspectives
Procedures and Organisation:
Preparatory Task: Supporting/Preparatory Task #1+Task#2
“Coordination Command & Control (Supporting) + Prepare Civil-Military cooperation
(preparatory)”
– Interoperability
– International Coordination and Cooperation Multi-Agency
– Identify who gives orders at the different level and specific situation
– Clear and shared procedures, reachable goals (Know How/What )
– Specific training of the operating room staff (protocols)
– Continue Revaluation decision process at each level
– Collection information format (database sharing) and Info-management
Logistics
Develop joint strategies, and standardized procedures among bordering countries. Commandment
chain to be clear.
Create a unified communication system for all UE rescue organizations. If it’s not possible all across
the EU, at least for bordering countries.
Have standardized packs of logistics prepared and ready to be transported for this kind of
emergency stored in key locations of every country. Rely on army and civil agencies´ logistics
capacity also.
Drills, simulations, joint training between bordering countries will improve the understanding of
different working methods and procedures.
Training & exercises
Training of Command & control organizations (multi-level, cross-agency and/or cross-border)
• Harmonized procedures & cooperation during services & drills (tests)
• New technology procedures
• Leadership of the organization of trainings, (UE)
• Writing down guidelines for different level of exercises :
• Local, regional, national, international
• Different stakeholders
